Ancient and Medieval Period

• Salient features and major landmarks of ancient and medieval India
• Art, culture, literature and Architecutre
• Major Dynasties, their administrative system, social, religious and economic conditions prominent movements

Modern Period

• Modern Indian History (from the 18th century up to the present) significant events, personalities and issues
• India – Struggle for independence
• Social and religious reform movements in the 19th and 20th century
• India after Independence, Post independent consolidation and reorganisation
• Independent India and her neighbours

Kerala History (from 18th century)

• Pre-Independence socio-political movements
• Formation of Kerala State
• Political parties, movements
• Governments, Landmark legislations and policies

• Industrial revolution
• World wars
• Redrawing of National boundaries
• Colonialisation and decolonialisation
• Globalisation
• Communism, Capitalism, Socialism – their forms and effects in society

• Cultural Heritage of Kerala Art Forms, literature, sculpture, architecture, salient features of society
• Kerala Tribal culture, Pilgrimage, Tourist places, Folk Culture, Cinema, Theatre
• History and evolution of Malayalam language and literature

• Indian Constitution and its salient features
• Functions and Responsibilities of the Union and the States, Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, function, power and privileges. Issues and challenges pertaining to Federal Structure – Devolution of Power and Finances upto local levels and challenges therein
• Constitutional Authorities – Powers, Functions and Responsibilities
• Panchayati Raj, Public Policy and Governance, Impact of L.P.G on Governance
• Statutory, Regulatory and Quasi-judicial bodies
• Rights Issues (Human rights, Women rights, SC/ST rights, Child rights, etc.), Imporatant Acts
• India's Foreign Policy, International Organisations, International Treaties and Forums, their structure and mandate
• Judiciary in India – Structure and functions, important provisions relating to Emergency and Constitutional amendments, Judicial review, Public Interest Litigation, Land Revenue Laws
• Fundamental rights, fundamental duties and Directive Principles
• Principles of Administrative Law

• Logical Reasoning and Analytical Ability
• Number series
• Coding – Decoding
• Problems related to Relations, Shapes and their sub- sections
• Venn Diagram
• Problems based on Clock, Calendar and Age
• Simple Arithmetic

• General Geography: Solar system, Motion of Earth, Concept of time, Seasons,Internal structure of the Earth, Major Landforms and their features.
• Atmosphere – Structure and Composition, elements and factors of Climate, Airmasses and Fronts, atmospheric disturbances. Oceans: Physical, Chemical and Biological characteristics, Hydrological Disasters, Marine and Continental Resources
• Physical, Social, Economic Geography of World, India and Kerala
• Geophysical phenomena like Earthquake, Tsunami, Volcanoes, Cyclone, Flood, Landslides

• Indian economy on the eve of independence.
• Indian economy in post reform period:
  • New economic reforms
  • NITI Aayog
  • National Income and Per Capita Income
  • Sectoral Composition (Output and Employment) – Primary, Secondary and Tertiary
  • Development under different policy regimes (including Five Year Plans) – Goals, Constraints, Institutions and Policy framework
• Agriculture Sector:
  • Land Reforms in India
  • Technological change in Agriculture
  • Major Crops and Cropping patterns in various parts of the Country
  • Irrigation
  • Pricing of agriculture inputs and outputs
  • Agricultural Finance Policy and Marketing
  • Issues in Food Security and Public Distribution System
  • Green Revolution
  • Policies for sustainable agriculture and organic farming
• Industrial Sector:
  • Industrial Policy
  • Public Sector enterprises and their performance
  • Growth and pattern of industrialization
  • Small-scale sector
  • Productivity in industrial sector
  • SEZ and industrialization
  • Foreign investment and competition policy
  • e-Commerce
  • Effects of liberalisation on the economy
• Infrastructure in Indian Economy:
  • Meaning and importance of infrastructure
  • Water Supply and Sanitation
  • Energy and Power
  • Science and Technology
  • Rural and Urban Infrastructure
  • Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways, Telecommunication, Dams, Inland Waterways
  • Social Impact Assessment
• Demographic Trends:
  • Trends and Patterns in structure of population over time – Growth rate, Gender Rural-Urban Migration, Literacy
  • Regional Structure and trends of Poverty and Inequality
  • Unemployment – trends, Structure and National Rural Employment policies
  • Indicators of development – Physical Quality of Life Index, Human Development Index, Human Poverty Index, Gender Development Index, National Happiness Index
• Indian Public Finance:
  • Government Budgeting
  • Indian Tax System
  • Public Expenditure
  • Public Debt, Deficit and Subsidies in the Indian Economy
  • Centre-State financial relation
  • Recent fiscal and monetary policy issues and their impact
  • Structure of Indian Banking and Non-Banking Financial Institutions and reforms
  • GST: Concept and Implications
  • Stock exchange and share market
• India's Foreign Trade:
  • Trend, Composition, Structure and direction of India's Foreign Trade
  • India's Balance of payments situation in post reforms period
• Economy of Kerala State - Overview:
  • Population
  • Major agriculture, Industry, Service sector issues
  • Infrastructure and resources
  • Major Developmental Projects, Programmes and Schemes
  • Co-operative Sector
  • History and relevant policies in traditional industries
  • IT Sector
  • Pravasi and Foreign remittance
• Kerala model development:
  • Land reforms
  • Social security
  • Devolution of Power
  • Decentralised Planning
  • Housing
  • Tourism
  • Women Empowerment
  • Social Welfare Schemes
  • Disaster Management
  • Role and Function of Kerala Planning Board
  • Achievements of Kerala in Health and Education Sector:
    • Policies
    • Programmes
    • Initiatives and Impact

• Science and Technology:
  • Nature and scope of Science and Technology
  • Relevance of Science & Technology (S&T)
  • National policy on Science & Technology and innovations
  • Basics of everyday science
  • Human body
  • Public Health and Community Medicine
  • Food and Nutrition
  • Health Care
  • Institutes and Organizations in India promoting integration of Science & Technology and Innovation, their activities and contributions
  • Contribution of Prominent Indian Scientists
• ICT:
  • Nature and Scope of ICT
  • ICT in day-to-day life
  • ICT and industry
  • ICT and Governance – various Government schemes promoting use of ICT
  • e-Governance Programmes and Services
  • Netiquettes
  • Cyber Security concerns – National Cyber Crime Policy
  • Management Information System (MIS)
  • Artificial Intelligence – benefits and impacts
  • Robotics
• Technology in Space and Defence:
  • Evolution of Indian Space Programme
  • ISRO – its activities and achievements
  • Various Satellite Programmes
  • DRDO – vision, mission and activities
• Energy requirement and efficiency:
  • India's existing energy needs and deficit
  • India's energy resources and dependence
  • Renewable and Non-renewable energy resources
  • Energy Policy of India – Government Policies and Programmes
  • Energy Security and Nuclear Policy of India
• Environmental Science:
  • Issues and concerns related to environment
  • Legal aspects, policies and treaties for the protection of environment at the National and International level
  • Environment protection for sustainable development
  • Biodiversity – its importance and concerns
  • Climate change
  • International initiatives (Policies, Protocols) and India's commitment
  • Western Ghats – Features, Characteristics and issues
  • Forest and Wildlife – Legal framework for Forest and Wildlife Conservation in India
  • Environmental Hazards
  • Pollution, Carbon Emission, Global Warming
  • National action plans on climate change and Disaster Management
  • Developments in Biotechnology, Green Technology and Nanotechnology

• Tenses
• Synonyms
• Phrasal Verbs
• Antonyms
• Error Correction
• Adjectives
• Adverbs
• Reported Speech
• Active Voice
• Passive Voice
• Auxiliary Verb
• Question Tag
• Degrees of Comparison
• Punctuation
• Idioms and Phrases
• Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences
• Connectives
• Prepositional Verbs
• Prepositions
• Concord
• Pronouns – 9 types
• Word Order and Sentence Order